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Static Member Functions

 What is static member functions?

  • A static member function can access static data members and static member functions inside or outside of the class.
  • Static member functions have a scope inside the class and cannot access the current object pointer. You can also use a static member function to determine how many objects of the class have been created.

Static Member Function in a class is the function that is declared as static because of which function attains certain properties as defined below:
  • A static member function is independent of any object of the class. 
  • A static member function can be called even if no objects of the class exist.
  • A static member function can also be accessed using the class name through the scope resolution operator.
  • A static member function can access static data members and static member functions inside or outside of the class.
  • Static member functions have a scope inside the class and cannot access the current object pointer.
  • You can also use a static member function to determine how many objects of the class have been created.
The reason we need Static member function:
  • Static members are frequently used to store information that is shared by all objects in a class. 
  • For instance, you may keep track of the quantity of newly generated objects of a specific class type using a static data member as a counter. This static data member can be increased each time an object is generated to keep track of the overall number of objects.

// C++ Program to show the working of
// static member functions
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Box
{
private:
static int length;
static int breadth;
static int height;
public:
static void print()
{
cout << "The value of the length is: " << length << endl;
cout << "The value of the breadth is: " << breadth << endl;
cout << "The value of the height is: " << height << endl;
}
};

// initialize the static data members

int Box :: length = 10;
int Box :: breadth = 20;
int Box :: height = 30;

// Driver Code

int main()
{
Box b;
cout << "Static member function is called through Object name: \n" << endl;
b.print();
cout << "\nStatic member function is called through Class name: \n" << endl;
Box::print();
return 0;
}

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